The Purple Martin and the Starling are two bird species that may seem similar at first glance, but they have distinct differences in their physical characteristics, nesting habits, vocalizations, calls, and behavioral patterns. Understanding these differences can help you accurately identify and differentiate between these two birds.
The physical characteristics of Purple Martins include their size and shape, plumage color, and wing shape and flight pattern. They are larger and have a sleeker, more streamlined body compared to Starlings. Their plumage color varies but typically includes shades of purple-blue, with adult males having a deeper purple color. The Purple Martin’s wings are more pointed, and they have a distinctive flight pattern characterized by rapid and direct flight with occasional dives and twists.
On the other hand, Starlings have a slightly smaller and stockier build. Their plumage color is predominantly black with iridescent shades of green and purple in certain lighting conditions. Starlings have rounded wings and fly in a more fluttery and undulating pattern.
Another aspect to consider is their nesting habits. Purple Martins nest in cavities, typically using specialized birdhouses or gourds provided by humans. Starlings, however, build nests in tree cavities, buildings, or even gaps in man-made structures.
Vocalizations and calls also play a crucial role in distinguishing between these two species. Purple Martins have unique calls, including a variety of chirps, warbles, and trills. Starlings, on the other hand, have distinct calls characterized by a mixture of harsh, high-pitched whistles and musical babbling sounds.
Lastly, behavioral differences can also provide clues for identification. Purple Martins are insectivorous and catch flying insects in mid-air, displaying agile aerial foraging skills. They are also known for their communal nesting behavior, often forming large colonies. Starlings, on the other hand, have an omnivorous diet and feed on a variety of foods, including fruits, seeds, and insects. They can also be seen in large flocks during migration.
To identify Purple Martins and Starlings, you can observe their size and shape, examine their plumage color, and note their wing shape and flight pattern. Paying attention to their nesting habits, vocalizations, calls, and observing their feeding behavior and migration patterns can also aid in differentiating between these two bird species.
1. Physical Characteristics of Purple Martins
1.1 Size and Shape: Purple Martins are larger and have a different body shape compared to Starlings.
1.2 Plumage Color: Purple Martins have dark, glossy purple-blue plumage, distinguishing them from Starlings.
1.3 Wing Shape and Flight Pattern: Purple Martins have longer, narrower wings and a unique flight pattern.
2. Physical Characteristics of Starlings
2.1 Size and Shape: Starlings are smaller and have a different body shape compared to Purple Martins.
2.2 Plumage Color: Starlings have iridescent black plumage with hints of green and purple.
2.3 Wing Shape and Flight Pattern: Starlings have shorter, rounded wings and a swift, direct flight pattern.
3. Nesting Habits
3.1 Types of Nests: Purple Martins nest in cavities, while Starlings build nests with twigs and grass.
3.2 Nesting Locations: Purple Martins prefer open habitats near water, while Starlings adapt to various environments.
4. Vocalizations and Calls
4.1 Unique Calls of Purple Martins: Purple Martins have melodic chirps and song-like calls.
4.2 Distinct Calls of Starlings: Starlings produce a variety of chattering and mimicry sounds.
5. Behavioral Differences
5.1 Feeding Behavior: Purple Martins mainly feed on aerial insects, while Starlings have a broader diet.
5.2 Migration Patterns: Purple Martins are long-distance migratory birds, whereas Starlings may migrate or stay year-round.
6. How to Identify Purple Martins and Starlings
6.1 Observing Size and Shape: Compare the overall size and body shape of the bird.
6.2 Examining Plumage Color: Look for distinctive plumage colors and patterns.
6.3 Noting Wing Shape and Flight Pattern: Observe the shape of the wings and the bird’s flight behavior.
Key takeaway:
- Physical characteristics such as size, shape, plumage color, and wing shape can help differentiate between Purple Martins and Starlings.
- Nesting habits, including types of nests and nesting locations, also provide clues for identification.
- Vocalizations, calls, feeding behavior, and migration patterns are other behavioral differences to consider when distinguishing between the two bird species.
Physical Characteristics of Purple Martins
Purple Martins and Starlings may appear similar at first glance, but a closer look at their physical characteristics unveils distinguishing features. In this section, we’ll explore the size, shape, plumage color, wing shape, and flight pattern of Purple Martins. Understanding these unique attributes will enable you to easily differentiate these two avian species. So, let’s dive into the fascinating world of Purple Martins and unravel how their physical traits set them apart from Starlings.
Size and Shape
To fully grasp the disparities between Purple Martins and Starlings, it is crucial to thoroughly analyze their size and shape. Here is an extensive comparison of their physical attributes.
Purple Martins:
- Size: Measuring approximately 7-8 inches in length, Purple Martins surpass Starlings in size.
- Shape: Sporting a sleek and slender body accompanied by an elongated, tapered tail, Purple Martins possess pointed wings that enable them to execute swift and agile flight.
Starlings:
- Size: In contrast, Starlings are comparatively smaller, measuring about 6-7 inches in length, when compared to Purple Martins.
- Shape: Characterized by a stocky and compact physique, Starlings exhibit a short, square-shaped tail. Their wings are rounded, resulting in a flight pattern that is more characterized by fluttering.
By closely observing the size and shape of these avian creatures, discerning between Purple Martins and Starlings becomes effortless. The distinguished larger size and slender body complemented by pointed wings instantly differentiate Purple Martins from the diminutive Starling, whose stockier build and rounded wings are distinctive in their own right.
Plumage Color
Purple Martins | Starlings |
Purple Martins have plumage color that is dark-blue to black on their back and wings. | Starlings have plumage color that is iridescent with a mixture of black, brown, and greenish tones. |
The breast of Purple Martins is a pale grayish-white color. | The breast of Starlings is also pale grayish-white with dark spots or streaks. |
Purple Martins have a glossy, metallic sheen to their plumage. | Starlings have a shiny, glittery appearance to their plumage. |
When identifying birds based on their plumage color, it is important to observe the specific colors and patterns. Purple Martins have a distinct dark-blue to black color on their back and wings, while Starlings have an iridescent plumage color with a mixture of black, brown, and greenish tones. The breast of both birds is pale grayish-white, but Starlings may have dark spots or streaks on their breast. Purple Martins have a glossy, metallic sheen to their plumage, whereas Starlings have a shiny, glittery appearance.
To accurately identify the birds based on plumage color, it is helpful to use a field guide or reference materials that provide detailed descriptions and images of the birds’ colors and patterns. It is also important to consider other physical characteristics and behaviors, such as size, shape, and flight pattern, to ensure accurate identification.
Remember to observe the birds carefully and pay attention to the plumage color patterns. By doing so, you will be able to distinguish between Purple Martins and Starlings based on their unique and characteristic plumage colors.
Wing Shape and Flight Pattern
When it comes to wing shape and flight pattern, there are distinct differences between Purple Martins and Starlings. Here are some key points to consider:
- Purple Martins have a wing shape characterized by long, narrow wings that are tapered at the ends. This particular wing shape allows them to be incredibly agile and maneuverable during flight.
- On the other hand, Starlings possess shorter, broader wings with rounded tips as part of their wing shape. This wing shape provides them with more power and stability, enhancing their flight capabilities.
- When in flight, Purple Martins exhibit a graceful and swooping flight pattern. They are renowned for their acrobatic movements and captivating aerial displays.
- In contrast, Starlings showcase a more direct and straight flight pattern. Their flight is characterized by steady and consistent movement without much variation.
These differences in wing shape and flight pattern play a crucial role in identifying Purple Martins and Starlings in the vast expanse of the sky.
Fun fact: The wing shape and flight pattern of birds are influenced by their ecological niche and feeding habits. Birds with long, narrow wings are typically adapted for catching insects in flight, while birds with shorter, broader wings possess better maneuverability in various environments.
Physical Characteristics of Starlings
Starlings, those elegant birds we often spot in our surroundings, possess distinctive physical traits that set them apart. In this section, we’ll uncover intriguing insights into the size and shape, plumage color, wing shape, and flight pattern of starlings. By uncovering these unique characteristics, we can learn to distinguish starlings from other avian species and deepen our appreciation for the marvels of the natural world. So, join me as we explore the captivating physical attributes that make starlings truly remarkable creatures.
Size and Shape
The size and shape of purple martins and starlings play a crucial role in distinguishing between these two bird species. Below is a table that outlines the differences in their size and shape:
Purple Martins | Starlings |
Larger in size | Smaller in size |
Slender body | Slightly chunky body |
Long, forked tail | Straight tail |
Pointed wings | Rounded wings |
Purple martins are generally larger in size compared to starlings. They possess a slender body with a long, forked tail and pointed wings. Conversely, starlings are smaller in size with a slightly chunky body, straight tail, and rounded wings.
It is important to note that these characteristics may vary slightly among individuals within each species. Observing the size and shape of these birds can greatly assist in identifying whether you are looking at a purple martin or a starling.
Fact: The variations in size and shape between purple martins and starlings are adaptations that enable these birds to thrive in different environmental conditions.
Plumage Color
To accurately identify and differentiate between Purple Martins and Starlings, one key aspect to observe is their plumage color. Here is a table comparing the plumage color of these two bird species:
Species | Plumage Color |
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Purple Martins | Males have a dark, shiny purple-blue color, while females are a duller grayish-purple. |
Starlings | Adults have glossy black feathers with greenish and purplish iridescence. |
The plumage color of Purple Martins is distinct, with males exhibiting a vibrant purple-blue hue and females displaying a more subdued grayish-purple color. On the other hand, Starlings have glossy black feathers that shimmer with greenish and purplish iridescence.
Pro-tip: When trying to identify these birds by their plumage color, pay close attention to the males of Purple Martins, as their bright, shiny, and unmistakable purple-blue feathers make them stand out. The glossy black plumage of Starlings, adorned with hints of green and purple, can help in distinguishing them from other bird species.
Wing Shape and Flight Pattern
When it comes to identifying birds, one key factor to consider is their wing shape and flight pattern, which play a crucial role. This can help distinguish between different species, such as Purple Martins and Starlings. Here are some characteristics to look for:
- Wing Shape: Purple Martins have sleek and slender wings with a slightly rounded tip. Their wings are more pointed than those of Starlings, which have broader and more triangular wings.
- Flight Pattern: Purple Martins have a distinctive flight pattern characterized by graceful and agile maneuvers. They often perform acrobatic dives, twists, and turns during flight. On the other hand, Starlings have a more direct and straightforward flight pattern, flying in a straight line without many sudden changes in direction.
It’s important to observe these traits carefully to accurately identify the birds in question. Keep in mind that wing shape and flight pattern can vary depending on the bird’s age, gender, and environmental conditions.
So, the next time you spot a bird with a unique wing shape and an interesting flight pattern, take note of these characteristics and compare them to the descriptions above to determine if it is a Purple Martin or a Starling.
Nesting Habits
Ever wondered how to distinguish a Purple Martin from a Starling? Let’s dive into the world of nesting habits to uncover the secrets. In this section, we’ll explore the different types of nests and nesting locations utilized by these magnificent birds. Get ready to uncover fascinating facts about their nesting behaviors and discover the distinctive features that set the Purple Martin and the Starling apart in the realm of nesting. So, let’s soar into the enchanting world of avian abodes!
Types of Nests
Below is a table that highlights the different Types of Nests that can be found for both Purple Martins and Starlings:
Type of Nest | Purple Martins | Starlings |
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Tree Nests | Purple Martins do not typically build nests in trees. | Starlings commonly build nests in tree cavities or abandoned woodpecker holes. |
Gourd Nests | Purple Martins often make use of artificial gourds or hollowed-out gourds as nesting sites. | Starlings do not use gourds as nesting sites. |
Natural Cavity Nests | Purple Martins may utilize natural cavities such as old woodpecker holes or crevices in cliffs. | Starlings can sometimes use natural cavities for nesting, but they are more adaptable and can also nest in man-made structures. |
Building Nests | Purple Martins are known to nest in specially designed birdhouses or apartment-style nesting structures. | Starlings can build nests in various locations, including in vents, eaves, or other openings in buildings. |
Pro-tip: To attract Purple Martins to your yard, consider providing them with gourd or birdhouse nesting structures specifically designed for their needs. Starlings, on the other hand, are considered invasive in some areas and can compete with native bird species for nesting sites. Taking steps to deter their nesting, such as sealing openings in buildings or using nest boxes with entrances that are too small for them, can help mitigate their impact on local ecosystems.
Nesting Locations
Here is a table detailing the nesting locations of Purple Martins and Starlings:
Species | Nesting Locations |
Purple Martins | Wooded habitats, such as forests, woodlots, and tree groves. They prefer to nest in natural cavities or man-made birdhouses known as “martin houses”. These birdhouses are often placed on poles in open areas away from trees. |
Starlings | Starlings are versatile nesters and can be found in various locations. They commonly nest in tree cavities, tree holes, and crevices. They may also nest in buildings and structures, such as vents, gutters, and eaves. In urban areas, they are known to nest in rooftops and other man-made structures. |
Purple Martins prefer wooded areas with open spaces, while Starlings have adapted to urban environments and can nest in both natural and man-made structures.
It is important to note that providing appropriate nesting opportunities for Purple Martins, such as martin houses, can help support their population as they have become dependent on these structures for nesting. On the other hand, it is advisable to take measures to prevent Starlings from nesting in buildings and causing potential damage.
Vocalizations and Calls
Listen closely and discover the fascinating world of vocalizations and calls in the realm of Purple Martins and Starlings. Unveiling the unique calls of Purple Martins and the distinct vocalizations of Starlings, this section will transport you into the intricacies of avian communication. Prepare to be captivated by the melodic tunes and distinguishable calls that set these two species apart. Get ready to immerse yourself in the delightful symphony of nature.
Unique Calls of Purple Martins
Purple Martins are well known for their distinctive calls, which set them apart from other bird species. These calls play various roles, serving as a form of communication, defending territory, and attracting mates. Let’s take a closer look at the characteristics of the remarkable calls made by Purple Martins:
1. Wide Vocalization Variety: Purple Martins possess a diverse range of calls. Their repertoire includes beautiful songs, lively chatters, and high-pitched whistles. These calls can vary in terms of pitch, duration, and complexity, making them truly unique.
2. Melodic Songs: One of the standout features of Purple Martins’ calls is their melodious songs. Their songs consist of a series of clear, flute-like notes that are repeated in a distinctive pattern. Male Purple Martins often perform these songs during the breeding season to allure females and establish their own territory.
3. Chatters and Chirps: In addition to their songs, Purple Martins also produce rapid chatters and chirps. These calls are shorter and more energetic compared to their songs. They serve as a means of communication within a colony, conveying alarm signals, and maintaining social cohesion.
4. Vocal Mimicry: Purple Martins possess a special talent for mimicking the calls of other bird species. They are capable of imitating the songs of their potential competitors and interspecific neighbors. This unique ability may function as a territorial defense strategy or a way to attract mates.
5. Increasing Complexity: As Purple Martins age and gain experience, their calls tend to become more intricate. Younger individuals may have simpler and less elaborate calls, while older birds develop a wider repertoire of vocalizations.
Understanding the unique calls of Purple Martins is not only helpful in identifying these birds, but it also provides valuable insights into their social behavior and breeding dynamics. Therefore, paying attention to these distinct calls is crucial when trying to recognize the presence of Purple Martins in their natural habitat.
Distinct Calls of Starlings
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Starlings have a wide range of distinct calls that they use for communication.
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One of the most common calls of starlings is a series of short, high-pitched chirps.
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Starlings also have a unique “warbling” call, which is a series of rapid, high-pitched notes.
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Another distinct call of starlings is a sharp, metallic “whistle” sound.
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Starlings are known for their ability to mimic the calls of other birds and even other animals.
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In addition to their vocalizations, starlings also communicate through body movements, such as head bobbing and wing flicking.
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These distinct calls of starlings play a crucial role in their social interactions and group dynamics.
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Starlings use their calls to communicate with other members of their flock, to establish territories, and to attract mates.
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The variety of distinct calls of starlings enables them to convey different messages and meanings.
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The distinct calls of starlings are an important aspect of their behavior and communication repertoire.
Behavioral Differences
Purple martins and starlings may appear similar at first glance, but their distinct behaviors set them apart. In this section, we’ll delve into the behavioral differences between these avian species. From their feeding habits to unique migration patterns, we’ll uncover fascinating insights that will help you identify and understand these birds on a deeper level. So, let’s spread our wings and explore the captivating world of purple martins and starlings!
Feeding Behavior
When it comes to the feeding behavior of Purple Martins and Starlings, there are some key differences to take note of:
- Purple Martins primarily feed on flying insects. They are skilled aerial hunters, swooping and diving to catch their prey. Their diet consists mainly of dragonflies, damselflies, mosquitoes, and other flying insects.
- Starlings, on the other hand, have a more varied diet. They are omnivorous birds and are known to feed on a wide range of foods, including fruits, berries, seeds, insects, and even small vertebrates like lizards and mice.
- Purple Martins usually forage in open areas such as fields, meadows, and bodies of water where flying insects are abundant. They are skilled at spotting and catching insects in mid-air.
- Starlings, on the contrary, can be found in various habitats including urban areas, farmlands, and woodland edges. They often forage on the ground, probing the soil for insects or searching for fruits and seeds in vegetation.
- While Purple Martins prefer to catch insects in flight, they can also gather and consume insects from trees, shrubs, or other perches. They will occasionally feed their young with captured insects as well.
- Starlings are opportunistic feeders and will take advantage of food sources such as garbage, bird feeders, and agricultural fields, in addition to their natural feeding behavior.
When observing Purple Martins and Starlings, paying attention to their feeding behavior can be an effective way to differentiate between the two species. Understanding their diet and foraging habits can provide valuable insights into their ecological roles and interactions with their environment.
If you have the opportunity, try observing these birds in their natural habitats to witness their feeding behaviors firsthand. It can be a fascinating experience to see how they adapt to their surroundings and utilize different feeding strategies.
Migration Patterns
Migration patterns play a crucial role when distinguishing between purple martins and starlings. Let’s explore their respective migration patterns in the table below:
Purple Martins | Starlings |
Purple martins undertake long-distance migrations, annually traveling between their breeding grounds in North America and their wintering grounds in South America. | Starlings, similar to purple martins, are migratory birds; however, their migration patterns differ depending on their geographic location. In North America, starlings typically migrate to the southern states during the winter. |
The migration of purple martins is characterized by the formation of large flocks, often consisting of thousands of individuals. | Starlings also form large flocks during migration, frequently flying in impressive formations known as murmurations. |
Purple martins usually commence their migration in late summer or early fall, with the fledglings embarking on their journey earlier than the adult birds. | The timing of starlings’ migration can vary depending on factors such as weather conditions and food availability. |
Gaining an understanding of the migration patterns of these birds can assist in their identification and provide insights into their life cycles and behavior.
How to Identify Purple Martins and Starlings
Ever wondered how to tell the difference between a Purple Martin and a Starling? In this section, we’ll uncover some key tips for identifying these two feathered creatures. From observing size and shape to examining plumage color, and noting wing shape and flight patterns, we’ll dive into the details that will help you become a bird identification pro. So, let’s sharpen our observation skills and discover the fascinating distinctions between Purple Martins and Starlings in the avian world.
Observing Size and Shape
Observing the size and shape of birds is a crucial aspect of identifying and distinguishing between different species, such as Purple Martins and Starlings. By carefully examining their physical characteristics, you can accurately categorize these birds. Below is a table that illustrates the size and shape differences between Purple Martins and Starlings:
Bird | Size | Shape |
Purple Martins | Medium to large-sized birds, measuring around 7-8 inches in length. | Compact and streamlined body shape, resembling a small raptor. They have a relatively short tail and broad wings. |
Starlings | Small to medium-sized birds, ranging from 7-9 inches in length. | Stocky and stout body shape, with a slightly longer tail and pointed wings. Their wings appear more triangular in shape compared to Purple Martins. |
By observing the size and shape of birds, you can quickly differentiate between Purple Martins and Starlings. Paying attention to these physical characteristics enables you to make accurate identifications in the field without relying solely on plumage color or other external factors.
Examining Plumage Color
Examining plumage color is a significant factor in accurately identifying and differentiating between Purple Martins and Starlings. To provide a comprehensive visual reference, a table showcasing the plumage color of these two bird species is helpful.
The table below displays the plumage color of Purple Martins and Starlings:
Purple Martins | Starlings | |
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Male Plumage Color | Dark purple-blue | Glossy black |
Female Plumage Color | Grayish-white with some dark streaks | Brown with iridescent feathers |
The plumage color of male Purple Martins is a distinct dark purple-blue, while male Starlings have glossy black plumage. As for female plumage color, Purple Martins have grayish-white feathers with dark streaks, whereas Starlings have a brown plumage with iridescent feathers.
By carefully examining the plumage color, observers can easily categorize these birds based on their unique features. This visual characteristic is effective in distinguishing between Purple Martins and Starlings, enabling bird enthusiasts to accurately identify them in the field.
It’s important to note that plumage color may slightly vary depending on age and the time of year due to molting. However, by focusing on the predominant colors described in the table, one can confidently differentiate between these two bird species based on their plumage color.
Noting Wing Shape and Flight Pattern
- When trying to identify whether you are looking at a Purple Martin or a Starling, noting the wing shape and flight pattern is crucial. Purple Martins have a unique wing shape and flight pattern. Their wings are long and narrow, allowing them to perform intricate aerial maneuvers. They are known for their graceful and acrobatic flight. On the other hand, Starlings have a different wing shape and flight pattern. Their wings are relatively short and round, giving them a more buoyant and fluttery flight. They often fly in large flocks, creating mesmerizing patterns in the sky.
When trying to identify whether you are looking at a Purple Martin or a Starling, noting the wing shape and flight pattern can be crucial. Observe the length and narrowness of the wings and how the bird moves through the air. Pay attention to the overall flight style and whether it is more graceful and acrobatic or fluttery and buoyant.
Pro-Tip: To enhance your bird-watching experience and improve your ability to identify different species, it’s helpful to familiarize yourself with the typical wing shapes and flight patterns of birds. Practicing observation skills and taking note of these characteristics will make you a more confident bird identifier.
Some Facts About How To Tell The Difference Between A Purple Martin And A Starling:
- ✅ Purple Martins have a slightly hooked bill and long, tapered wings.
- ✅ Adult male Purple Martins are iridescent dark blue-purple with brown-black wings and tail, while Starlings have an iridescent purple-green-black coloring.
- ✅ Female and immature male Purple Martins have a gray collar around the neck, while Starlings do not.
- ✅ Purple Martins commonly utilize artificial nest box colonies, while Starlings will nest in Purple Martin housing and harm or kill the martins.
- ✅ To prevent Starlings from nesting in Purple Martin housing, starling-resistant entrance holes (SREH) can be used.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. How can I tell the difference between a Purple Martin and a European Starling?
The European Starling is larger than a Purple Martin, with a stocky body, short tail, and a long yellow beak. It has an iridescent purple-green-black coloring, while the Purple Martin appears dark blue-purple overall with brown-black wings and tail.
2. What are some similar species that can be mistaken for a Purple Martin?
Some similar species that can be mistaken for a Purple Martin include the European Starling, Tree Swallows, and Barn Swallows. However, the Purple Martin has a distinct long, tapered wings and a forked tail, which are easily visible in flight.
3. Can younger males of the Purple Martin be mistaken for other birds?
Yes, younger male Purple Martins can be mistaken for other birds. They have variable amounts of gray on the head and chest and a dingy lower belly with speckling. However, their dark body, long wings, and notched tail are still distinguishable, especially with closer observation.
4. How can I differentiate between a Purple Martin and a Tree Swallow?
A Tree Swallow is smaller than a Purple Martin and has a shorter, less broad-chested body. Additionally, Tree Swallows have iridescent blue-green feathers, while Purple Martins have a dark blue-purple coloring overall.
5. Are Purple Martins and European Starlings protected by law?
Purple Martins are protected under federal law, while European Starlings are not protected. This means that depending on local ordinances, the control of European Starlings can be done by trapping or shooting them to prevent them from nesting in martin housing.
6. How can I prevent European Starlings from entering Purple Martin housing?
To prevent European Starlings from entering Purple Martin housing, it is recommended to keep the entrances closed until the martins arrive. Additionally, using starling-resistant entrance holes (SREH) can be effective in preventing starlings from nesting in martin housing.